Smoke detectors are devices that are mounted on the wall or ceiling and automatically sound a warning when they sense smoke or other products of combustion. When people are warned early enough about a fire, they can escape before it spreads.

Every year thousands of people die from fires in the home. Fire kills an estimated 4,000 American every year. Another 30,000 people are seriously injured by fire each year. Property damage from fire costs us at least $11.2 billion yearly. Most fire victims feel that fire would "never happen to them."

Although we like to feel safe at home, about two-thirds of our nation's fire deaths happen in the victim's own home. The home is where we are at the greatest risk and where we must take the most precautions. Most deaths occur from inhaling smoke or poisonous gases, not from the flames.

Most fatal fires occur in residential buildings between 11 p.m. and 6 a.m. when occupants are more likely to be asleep. More than 90 percent of fire deaths in buildings occur in residential dwellings.
 

TYPES OF SMOKE DETECTORS

There are two basic types of smoke detectors:

Ionization Detectors are the most common type in use and generally less expensive to purchase at $5 to $20. They contain radioactive material that ionizes the air, making an electrical path. When smoke enters, the smoke molecules attach themselves to the ions. The change in electric current flow triggers the alarm. The radioactive material is called americium. It's radioactive metallic element produced by bombardment of plutonium with high-energy neutrons. The amount is very small and not harmful.
 

Photo-electric Detectors, priced between $30 and $40, are generally more effective at detecting slow, smoldering fires (cigarettes burning in couches or bedding) which smolder for hours before bursting into flame. 

These type of detectors contain a light source (usually a bulb) and a photocell, which is activated by light. Light from the bulb reflects off the smoke particles and is directed toward the photocell. The photocell then is activated to trigger the alarm.

Choosing a smoke detector

When choosing a smoke detector, there are several things to consider. Think about which areas of the house you want to protect, where the fire would be most dangerous, how many will you need, etc.

The Casco Fire Department recommends that every home have a smoke detector outside each sleeping area (inside as well if members of the household sleep with the door closed) and one on every level of the home, including the basement. The National Fire Alarm code requires a smoke detector inside each sleeping area for new construction. On floors without bedrooms, detectors should be installed in or near living areas, such as dens, living rooms or family rooms.

The safest bet is to have both kinds or a combination detector with a battery back up. Be sure to check for a testing laboratory label on the detector. It means that samples of that particular model have been tested under operating conditions. Check to see if it is easy to maintain and clean. Be sure bulbs and batteries are easy to purchase and convenient to install.

Installation

The placement of smoke detectors is very important. Sleeping areas need the most protection. One detector in a short hallway outside the bedroom area is usually adequate. Hallways longer than 30 feet should have one at each end. For maximum protection, install a detector in each bedroom.

Be sure to keep the detector away from fireplaces and wood stoves to avoid false alarms. Place smoke detectors at the top of each stairwell and at the end of each long hallway. Smoke rises easily through stairwells. If you should put a smoke detector in your kitchen, be sure to keep it away from cooking fumes or smoking areas. Newer model smoke detectors have reset buttons on them.

Proper mounting of a smoke detector also is important. You can mount many detectors by yourself, but those connected to your household wiring should have their own separate circuit and be installed by a professional electrician. If you mount your detector on the ceiling, be sure to keep it at least 18 inches away from dead air space near walls and corners. If you mount it on the wall, place it six to 12 inches below the ceiling and away from corners. Keep them high because smoke rises.

Never place them any closer than three feet from an air register that might circulate smoke. Don't place them near doorways or windows where drafts could impair the detector operation. Don't place them on an un-insulated exterior wall or ceiling. Temperature extremes can affect the batteries.

Maintenance

Keeping smoke detectors in good condition is easy. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions. Be sure to replace the batteries each time we move the clock ahead or back (in March and November).

Most models will make a chirping, popping or beeping sound when the battery is losing its charge. When this sound is heard, install a fresh battery, preferably an alkaline type.

The new detectors have permanent batteries and must be replaced after 10 years. All smoke detectors should be replaced after 10 years of service. Replace bulbs every three years or as needed. Keep extras handy. Check the smoke detector every 30 days by releasing smoke or pushing the test button. Clean the detector face and grillwork often to remove dust and grease. Never paint a smoke detector, as it will hamper its function. Check your detector if you've been away from home.

If you're looking for a novel gift for somebody, consider giving him or her a smoke detector. It's an interesting gift that can save lives and it shows that you care.

Safety Tips

• Designate a smoking area outside of the home
• Provide smokers with deep, sturdy ashtrays
• Keep smoking materials away from anything that can burn

CARBON MONOXIDE - Hidden Dangers

Most of us are familiar with the chemical properties and potential dangers associated with exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) gas.  It's these same chemical properties that create a false sense of security and prevent its presence from being a "Clear and present danger."  Don't let it fool you!

Carbon Monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that kills 500 people every year from accidental poisoning.  Long-term exposures to low or moderate concentrations of carbon monoxide can pose serious health consequences.  Carbon Monoxide enters the body through the lungs and prevents oxygen from being delivered to the blood.  Carbon monoxide is created when fuels burn incompletely.  Many fuels can produce carbon monoxide including, but not limited to, wood, oil, gasoline, natural gas, kerosene and propane.

The opportunity for exposure and health problems increases as winter sets in.  Improper use of the generator, improperly vented appliances or wood stoves, and idling vehicles stuck in deep snow all present a risk of exposure to CO.  The symptoms of exposure may include headache, fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness. nausea and vomiting.  Your occupation (forklift operator, auto mechanic) or lifestyle (cigarette smoker) may increase your chances of carbon monoxide poisoning.

TO KEEP YOURSELF SAFE, FOLLOW THESE PRECAUTIONS:

• During a power outage, operate a generator, camp stove or grill WELL AWAY from your workplace or home, NOT in the basement or the garage.  EVEN WITH AN OPEN WINDOW OR DOOR, carbon monoxide gas can enter the building.
• Never operate a vehicle in an enclosed garage or outside near an open window or door.
• Ensure that all fuel-burning appliances or stoves are installed by a professional and are properly vented to the outside, away from air intakes.  Have them inspected/maintained by a professional regularly.
• Install carbon monoxide detectors in your home or workplace that are equipped with a battery back-up and ensure that they are working.  Remember, carbon monoxide detectors are not a replacement for proper installation and use of fuel-burning appliances.
• If you experience symptoms, move to fresh air immediately and see a physician.

Hey Kids.... Want to learn more about fire safety.... Click one of the links below:

Sparky the Fire Dog  

 Smokey the Bear

U.S. Fire Administration for Kids